Most of the species here are unfortuantely non-native flora, but the plants flourish on the back-beach sand that cover relatively young lava flows. Thorny mesquite (Prosopis, various species) was introduced to provide cattle with food and shade, but is now a problematic invasive throughout Hawaii (USDA, 2010).

The URL is: https://gotbooks.miracosta.edu/gonp/kaho/html/kaho80.htm Last modified: 9/17/2010